PBMC from healthy donors were prepared by density centrifugation on Ficoll-Paque (Eurobio, Les Ulis, France). CD14+ monocytes were purified from PBMCs by magnetic positive separation (Miltenyi Biotec, Paris, France) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Then, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were purified from the remaining cells using an anti-γ9 mAb and goat anti-mouse IgG-coated Dynal magnetic beads (Dynal, Compiégne, France) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Following overnight incubation, the Vγ9Vδ2 cells were spontaneously detached from the beads and then stimulated with HMB-PP (1 nM) in the presence of autologous monocytes and recombinant IL-2 (rhIL-2, 20 ng/mL).

Following their activation, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were expanded in complete medium (RPMI 1640/glutamax, Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated NVP-BGJ398 in vivo FCS,

5% heat inactivated- human AB serum, rhIL-2 (20 ng/mL) at 37oC in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. After a 3-wk expansion in culture medium containing rhIL-2, the γδ T cells were >98% CD3+Vγ9+Vδ2+ as assessed by FACS analysis. An aliquot of 1 μg/mL of ULBP1-LZ, ULBP2-LZ or UL16-LZ was incubated with 0.5×106 Vγ9Vδ2 T cells for 45 min at 4°C. Specific binding of LZ proteins was detected with a biotin-conjugated M15 anti-LZ Ab, followed by PE-conjugated streptavidin (Molecular Probes, USA). When indicated, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were pretreated for 30 min at 4°C with 4 μg/mL of M585 anti-human blocking NKG2D mAb. Then, selleck the cells were washed once, fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde and analyzed on an FACScalibur (Becton Dickinson) using CellQuest software. NKG2D expression is determined

by incubating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with 4 μg/mL of anti-NKG2D M580. Transfected or not V9V2 T cells (2.106 cells/mL) were stimulated with HMB-PP (0.1 or 0.5 nM), ULBP1-LZ (1 μg/mL), ULBP2-LZ (1 μg/mL) or negative control Rolziracetam UL16-LZ (1 μg/mL) in 250 μL of complete medium. After 18 h activation, supernatants were collected and assayed for IFN-γ and TNF-α production using an IFN-γ and TNF-α kit (OptEIA set; BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. When indicated, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were pretreated with PI3K inhibitor LY-294002 (5 μM), or M585 mAb for 30 min before activation. The mean of triplicate samples from the same experiment is shown for each data point with its SEM and is representative of at least three experiments performed with separate human blood donors. Transfected or not Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (2.106 cells/mL) were stimulated with HMB-PP (0.1 or 0.5 nM), ULBP1-LZ (1 μg/mL), ULBP2-LZ (1 μg/mL) or UL16-LZ (1 μg/mL) in 250 μL of complete medium. When indicated, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were pretreated with PI3K inhibitor LY-294002 (5 μM) or M585 mAb for 30 min before activation. After 18 h activation, supernatants were collected and assayed for Esterase activity as previously described by Cho et al. 45.