8). Our study had some limitations. First, there is little BTK inhibitor nmr consensus in the literature regarding definitions of contracture (Fergusson et al 2007). Our definitions of contracture were chosen so that they could be applied easily to many joints, but they may not concur with other definitions of contracture or have functional implications. Choosing a definition of contracture that reflects a ‘functionally significant’ loss in joint range is dificult as this will vary across individuals and across joints. As some readers may wish that contracture was defined differently, we have included

more information on the incidence of contractures defined in various ways in Appendices 1 to 3 of the eAddenda. Second, Pictilisib patients were recruited from only one site. As with any single-site study, the study sample may not be widely

representative because of site idiosyncrasies. Last, a small proportion of data were missing, particularly from patients who were unable to be scored on the Motor Assessment Scale or the pain rating scale because of language deicits or impaired cognition. More viable measures of function and pain, eg, proxy measures of pain (Sackley et al 2008) or multiple imputation techniques (Sterne et al 2009), could be used to reduce the potential bias caused by missing data in future studies. In conclusion, about half of all patients developed at least one contracture after stroke. Incidence of contractures across all joints ranged from 12% to 28% six months after stroke. A range of simple clinical measures do not accurately predict who will develop a contracture. eAddenda:Appendices

1, 2, 3, and available at jop.physiotherapy.asn.au Ethics: The local Human Research Ethics committee (South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Service) approved this study. All participants or guardians gave written informed consent before data collection began. Competing interests: None. Support: The project was supported by the Physiotherapy Cell press Research Foundation, and by the Neurology Department of St George Hospital. Professor Herbert is supported by the Australian NHMRC. The authors thank patients and family members who were part of the study. The authors also thank the assistance of Li Na Goh and Min Jiat Teng who worked as research assistants on the project. “
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