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“Background and objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between soft drink consumption and self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma Selleckchem PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 and COPD among adults living in South Australia.
Methods: Data were collected using a risk factor surveillance system. Each month a representative random sample of South Australians were selected from the electronic White Pages and interviews were conducted using computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI).
Results: Among 16 907
participants aged 16 years and older, 11.4% reported daily soft drink consumption of more than half a litre. High levels of soft drink consumption were positively associated with asthma and COPD. Overall, 13.3% of participants with asthma and 15.6% of those with COPD reported consuming more than half a litre of soft drink per day. By multivariate analysis, after adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, the odds ratio (OR) for asthma was 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.58) and the OR for COPD was
1.79 (95% CI: 1.32-2.43), comparing those who consumed more than half a litre of soft drink per day with those who did not consume soft drinks.
Conclusions: There was a positive association between consumption of soft drinks and asthma/COPD among adults living in South Australia.”
“Objectives/Hypothesis: To review our experiences with revision cochlear implantation (CI), to assess revision CI efficacy, and to find factors that cause incomplete electrode insertion.
Study Design: Retrospective PP2 ic50 chart review of revision CI from 2004 to 2011.
Setting: Academic tertiary referral center.
Patients: Twenty-two patients who underwent revision CI.
Interventions(s): Revision cochlear implant surgery, explanted device analysis, electrode analysis for a newly implanted device, measurement of electrode insertion depth on postoperative radiographic evaluation, and postoperative speech perception test by open-set testing.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Surgical outcomes, postoperative performance, and analysis of used electrodes.
Results: Approximately 2.7% (22/816) of CI recipients
underwent revision surgery. The reasons for revision surgery were device failure (n = 14) and medical reason (n = 8). Cochlear implantation was performed at an average of Panobinostat ic50 4.7 years after initial operation. Seventeen patients underwent revision CI with an electrode that was the same as or similar to the initial one, and all electrodes were fully inserted. Different electrode types were used in the remaining 5 patients. Interestingly, 4 of the 5 had incomplete electrode insertion. Among the 4 patients, 2 had poorer open set sentence scores after revision than after initial surgery.
Conclusion: In this study, full electrode insertion was achieved in all cases where the same type of electrode was used during initial and revision CI.