Describing these neural pathways increases our understanding of control over memory in general. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Viruses commonly use host cell survival mechanisms to their own advantage. We show that Akt, an important signaling
kinase involved in cell survival, phosphorylates the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from norovirus, the major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. The Akt phosphorylation of RdRp appears to be a feature unique to the more prevalent norovirus genotypes such as GII.4 and GII.b. This phosphorylation event occurs at a residue (Thr33) located at the interface where the RdRp finger and thumb domains interact and decreases Defactinib solubility dmso de novo activity of the polymerase. This finding provides fresh insights into virus-host cell interactions.”
“Class 1B phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110 gamma is a master regulator of both leukocyte and cardiomyocyte function. Whereas in the immune system p110 gamma is principally involved in the control of leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammatory reactions, in cardiomyocytes
selleckchem p110 gamma affects multiple aspects of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling and cardiac function. Because inflammatory cell recruitment/activation and cardiac dysfunction are strictly connected, p110 gamma has recently been revealed as a promising target for drug design in the treatment of heart failure. This review discusses recent works that dissect the relative contribution of leukocyte p110 gamma and its cardiac counterpart in the onset and progression of pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling and the ensuing therapeutic implications. (Trends Cardiovasc Med 2010;20:273-276) (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The receptor for advanced glycation end-products
(RAGE) has been implicated in numerous disease processes including: atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, impaired wound healing and neuropathy to name a few. Treatment of animals with a soluble isoform of the receptor (sRAGE) has been shown to prevent and even reverse many disease processes. Isolating large quantities of pure sRAGE for in vitro and in vivo studies has hindered its development as a therapeutic Galactosylceramidase strategy in other RAGE mediated diseases that require long-term therapy. This article provides an improvement in both yield and detail of a previously published method to obtain 10 mg of pure, endotoxin free sRAGE from 65 g of lung tissue. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Persistent, unwanted memories are believed to be key contributors to drug addiction and the chronic relapse problem over the lifetime of the addict. Contrary to the long-held idea that memories are static and fixed, new studies in the last decade have shown that memories are dynamic and changeable. However, they are changeable only under specific conditions.