HepG2 cells were isolated from a human hepatoblastoma and they retained

the activity of certain enzymes of phase I and phase II, enzymes that are related to the activation and detoxification of genotoxic carcinogens and, thus, have been widely used in genotoxicity studies (Uhl et al., 1999 and Uhl et al., 2000). The cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC No HB 8065, Rockville, MD) and were grown in culture flasks of 25 cm2 in 5 mL of MEM (Minimum Essential Medium – Cultilab), supplemented with 10% of foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.1% of antibiotic-antimycotic learn more solution (penicillin 10.000 U.I./mL/streptomycin 10 mg/mL, Cultilab) in CO2 incubator (5%), until they reached confluence. The MTT test (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide – CAS n. 298-93-1, Sigma) with HepG2 cells was performed according this website to the protocol of Mosmann (1983), with some modifications. In each well of a 96 well plate, 2.34 × 104 cells were seeded. Subsequently, this plate was incubated for 24 h for stabilization

of the cells. After this period, the medium was removed from the wells and it was added 200 uL of culture medium (without serum) in the negative control (NC), culture medium without serum plus Triton X-100 at 1% in the positive control (PC) and culture medium without serum plus the treatments (different concentrations of GBA3 the wasp venom). After 3 h of incubation, the treatments were removed from the wells and it was added 150 uL of a solution of 5 mg/mL of MTT. The plate was incubated for 4 h, in incubator

at 37 °C. After this period, the MTT solution was discarded and it was added, in each well, 100 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The plates were then read in spectrophotometer with microplate reader (Apparatus Multiskan FC – Thermo Scientific) in filters of 540 nm. The statistical analysis was performed by the ANOVA parametric statistic test (1 way), followed by the Dunnet’s comparison test (p < 0.05). The comet assay was performed to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of the wasp venom and it was made according to the protocol described by Singh et al. (1988) and Tice et al. (2000), with some modifications. The assays were conducted in triplicate/treatment. For the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity assay, 5 × 105 cells were seeded in culture flasks of 25 cm2. The flasks were incubated for 24 h in incubator at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in humid atmosphere, for a stabilization period. After this period, two evaluations were made, one to assess the genotoxicity, where the cells were exposed to different concentrations of the wasp venom for 3 h, and the other to evaluate the antigenotoxicity, where four different types of treatment were performed: – pre-treatment (PT): the cells were exposed to the different concentrations of the wasp venom for 3 h.