J.U.R. was and M.T., and D.B. are employees of GlaxoSmithKline group of companies; J.U.R. and D.B. declare stock/share options ownership in GlaxoSmithKline group of companies. Gemcitabine in vivo R.P. and P.P. coordinated the clinical aspects of the study. R.P. and P.P. collected data. R.P., M.T., J.U.R. and D.B. planned and designed the study and interpreted the results. M.T. did the statistical analyses. All authors critically reviewed the different

drafts of the manuscript and approved the final version. GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA was the funding source and was involved in all stages of the study conduct and analysis. GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA also took responsibility for all costs associated with the development and publishing Epigenetic signaling pathway inhibitor of the present manuscript. The results of this study were presented in part at the 8th International Symposium on Pneumococci & pneumococcal Diseases, Iguacu Falls, Brazil, March 11–15, 2012 The authors would like to thank the parents and their children who participated in this study; the staff members of the study

centers for their contributions to the study; the other investigators involved in conducting the study (V. Nemec, L. Tyce, V. Dvorakova, A. Kyjonkova, P. Mikyska, L. Petvaldska, M. Panek, R. Ruzkova and J. Vales); the staff of the GlaxoSmithKline laboratory for performing immune testing; and clinical operation for study management. The authors also thank L. Manciu (GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) for protocol development; J. Vandewalle (XPE Pharma & Science on behalf of GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) for drafting the manuscript; A. Skwarek-Maruszewska and B. van Heertum (XPE Pharma & Science on behalf of GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) for manuscript coordination. “
“Respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause

of pediatric respiratory virus infection, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants, immune compromised individuals, and the elderly [1]. In the early 1960s, vaccination of infants with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine not only failed to protect against RSV disease during the following RSV season, but some vaccinees developed enhanced disease to upon natural infection, resulting in increased rates of severe pneumonia and two deaths [2]. In the intervening years, a number of different approaches have been evaluated, including subunit vaccines, vectored vaccines, and live attenuated vaccines. However, there remains no licensed RSV vaccine. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a safe and effective vaccine for RSV. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a negative-sense, non-segmented, single-stranded RNA virus, is a good viral vector for vaccine development. PIV5 is safe, as it infects a large number of mammals without being associated with any disease except canine kennel cough [3], [4], [5], [6] and [7].