\n\nResults: Adopting the naturally polygamous GSK923295 in vitro house mouse (Mus domesticus) as our vertebrate model, we performed an experimental evolution study and observed genetic divergence in sperm quality;

males from the polygamous selection lines produced ejaculates with increased sperm numbers and greater sperm motility compared to males from the monogamous lines. Here, after 12 generations of experimental evolution, we conducted competitive matings between males from lineages evolving under sperm competition and males from lineages subject to relaxed selection. We reduced variation in paternity arising from embryo mortality by genotyping embryos in utero at 14 days gestation. Our microsatellite data revealed a significant paternity bias toward males that evolved under the selective regime of sperm competition.\n\nConclusion: We provide evidence that the sperm competitiveness phenotype can respond to selection, and show that improved sperm quality translates to greater competitive fertilisation success in house mice.”
“Shigellosis is endemic in many resource-poor countries due to feco-oral transmission, resulting in considerable morbidity and JQ1 mortality. There is rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR)

Shigella spp. resulting in poor reliability of first line antibiotics like quinolones, co-trimoxazole and ampicillin. Ceftriaxone has been used as a reserved antibiotic for treatment of MDR Shigella spp. The authors report a case of ceftriaxone resistant Shigella flexneri successfully managed with meropenem. As occurrence of ceftriaxone resistant Shigella is still rare, the objective of reporting this case is to highlight the possible failure of ceftriaxone in treating shigellosis which if not detected timely can result in mortality.”
“BACKGROUND: Adhesive tape is commonly used to secure the endotracheal tube (ETT) in anesthesia and intensive-care settings. OBJECTIVE:

To determine the force required to extubate when the ETT is secured with adhesive tape or commercially available ETT holders. METHODS: We orally intubated a simulation selleck chemicals llc manikin with a standard 8.0-mm inner-diameter ETT, inflated the cuff to 20 cm H(2)O, and measured the force required to extubate with the ETT secured in several ways. We tested 3 brands of tape (Durapore, Multipore Dry, and Wardel) with 6 methods, and 2 commercially available ETT holders (LockTite and Thomas) with one method. We also tested a bite block (Universal Bite Block) with 2 methods. We used a releasable cable tie with the bite block and/or ETT holder. We connected the ETT to a digital force gauge and pulled perpendicular to the oral cavity, until the entire cuff was removed from the trachea. In each trial we considered the largest force recorded the extubation force.