The STs of the Wolbachia strains infecting the laboratory populat

The STs of the Wolbachia strains infecting the laboratory population of G. m. centralis and two out of the four natural populations of G. m. morsitans

(12.3A, Angiogenesis inhibitor 32.3D) were identical. All Wolbachia strains infecting G. m. JQEZ5 nmr morsitans (except 24.4A) and G. m. centralis populations belong to the same sequencing complex, since they share at least three alleles. The MLST analysis showed the presence of seven gatB, seven coxA, four hcpA, seven ftsZ and four fbpA alleles. This analysis also revealed the presence of new alleles for all loci: five for gatB, four for coxA, two for hcpA, five for ftsZ and two for fbpA (Table 2). Table 2 Wolbachia MLST allelic profiles for 11 populations of Glossina Code Species Country (area, collection GDC-0973 in vivo date) Wolbachia MLST       ST gatB coxA hcpA ftsZ fbpA 12.3A G. m. morsitans Zambia (MFWE, Eastern Zambia, 2007) 226 141 127 23 114 15 32.3D G. m. morsitans Zimbabwe (Makuti, 2006) 226 141 127 23 114 15 GmcY G. m. centralis Yale lab-colony (2008) 226 141 127 23 114 15 30.9D G. m. morsitans Zimbabwe (Rukomeshi, 2006) 227 141 127 23 115 15 GmmY G. m. morsitans Yale lab-colony (2008) 228 8 127 23 113 15 24.4A G. m. morsitans KARI-TRC lab-colony (2008) 229 142 128 23 113 15 09.7G G. brevipalpis Seibersdorf lab-colony (1995) 230 143 129 23 56 15 05.2B G. austeni South Africa (Zululand, 1999) 231 128 109 127 98 20

GauK G. austeni Kenya (Shimba Hills, 2010) 197 128 108 127 98 20 15.5B G. pallidipes Ethiopia (Arba Minch, 2007) 232 144 47 149

116 202 405.11F G. p. gambiensis Guinea (Kindoya, 2009) 233 145 130 150 117 203 Identical nucleotide sequences at a given locus for different strain were assigned the same arbitrary allele number. Each strain was then identified by the combination of the five MLST allelic numbers, representing its allelic profile. Each unique allelic profile was assigned an ST (Sequence Type), which ultimately Nabilone characterizes a strain [41]. The same eleven samples were also genotyped using the wsp gene: nine alleles were detected. For all tsetse flies Wolbachia strains, the WSP HVR profile, a combination of the four HVR amino acid haplotypes, was determined as described previously [41] (Table 3). A total of eight WSP HVR profiles were identified; six of them were new in the Wolbachia WSP database. The WSP HVR profile of the Wolbachia strains infecting (a) the natural population (12.3A) and the Yale lab colony (GmmY) of G. m. morsitans, (b) two natural populations of G. m. morsitans (32.3D and 30.9D) and (c) two natural populations of G. austeni (GauK and 05.2B) were identical. On the other hand, the Wolbachia strains infecting the KARI lab colony of G. m. morsitans (24.4A) as well as G. m. centralis (GmcY), G. pallidipes (15.5B), G. brevipalpis (09.7G) and G. p. gambiensis (405.11F) had unique WSP profiles. It is also interesting to note that three Wolbachia strains infecting G. m. morsitans (32.3D, 30.9D) and G. brevipalpis (09.7G) shared three HVR haplotypes (HVR2-4).

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