This marker was also present in all significant haplotypic associations and was not observed in any non-significant associations. The strong association found in the rs2229094 (T/C) of the LTA gene may indicate an important role of this polymorphism in the development of PVR. Tumour necrosis

factor-α is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes osteoclastic bone resorption. Moffett et al. [64] detected the association between TNF rs1800629 polymorphism and osteoporosis phenotypes in older women. Women with the A/A genotype had greater subperiosteal width and endocortical diameter than those with the G/G genotype, and there was a greater distribution of bone mass away from the neutral axis of the femoral neck in women with the A/A genotype, PLX4032 price resulting in greater indices Selleck PXD101 of bone bending strength. TNF rs1800629 polymorphism was not associated with a reduced risk of other fractures. A potential role has been played by TNF-α polymorphism in the aetiology of osteoporosis. Kimkong et al. [144] investigated the association between oral lichen planus (OLP) susceptibility and clinical type in the Thai population

and found a higher proportion of TNF-α, rs1800629 AA genotype (high producer genotype) among patients with PDB when compared to healthy controls. For polymorphism (rs1800630 and rs361525), no significant association with OLP development was reported. Thus, in Thai population, TNF-alpha rs1800629 AA genotype might play a role in the susceptibility and severity of OLP. Reports indicated that approximately, 1–3% of healthy women experienced recurrent miscarriage (RM), defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses prior to the twentieth week of gestation. Zammiti et al. [145] reported that high expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) was associated with pregnancy complications, including idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (RM). TNF-α Tideglusib (rs361525, rs1800629) and LT-α (rs909253)

polymorphism were investigated in RM and control women. Higher frequency of rs361525 A, but not the rs1800629 A or the LT-α rs909253 G, allele was reported in patients. The rs361525 G/G was lower in patients. Association of the rs361525 SNP with idiopathic RM was confirmed by regression analysis. Haplotypes rs1800629 A/rs361525 G/rs909253 G and rs1800629 G/rs361525 A/rs909253 G played a susceptible role in idiopathic RM. Palmirotta et al. [146] reported that TNFA gene promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss in Italian women. Tumour necrosis factor a pleiotropic cytokine regulating a broad range of biological activities including inflammation (Fig. 3).